The mineral springs of the Borjomi valley were discovered over one thousand years ago.[1] Seven large rock tubs discovered by archeologists dating back to the beginning of the 7th century attest to the availability and use of the spring waters, most likely for bathing purposes.[1] The springs were abandoned before being rediscovered in the early 19th century.[1] By that time, as a result of the incessant warfare, Borjomi and its environs had been depopulated and covered with impassable forests.[10]
In 1829, when the Imperial Russian Army Kherson Grenadier Regiment was deployed in Borjomi for operations against the Ottoman Empire, Russian soldiers found mineral springs on the right bank of Borjomi river. Intrigued by the find, Colonel Pavel Popov, the commander of the regiment, ordered that the springs be cleaned and that the water be bottled and transported to the military base. Popov, who suffered from stomach disease tried the water first. Seeing positive results, he ordered the construction of rock walls around the spring and he had a bath house built nearby, along with a small cottage house for himself.[1] In 1837, when the Kherson regiment was replaced by the Georgian grenadiers regiment, its medical doctor Amirov examined the water components and their effects, sending the first results of analysis to Saint Petersburg and Moscow.[1] By 1841, the healing effects of Borjomi water were so famous that the viceroy of the Russian Tsar in the Caucasus Yevgeni Golovin brought his sick daughter to the springs for treatment. In light of the quick results of the treatment, he called the first spring Yekaterinsky (Russian: Екатерининский) after his daughter Yekaterina and the second Yevgeniyevsky (Евгеньевский) after himself.[1]
Golovin also expedited the official transfer of the waters from the military to civil authorities.[11] In 1850, a mineral water park was opened in Borjomi and in 1854, the authorities commissioned construction of the first bottling plant. Borjomi water gained popularity for its curing effects all over the Russian Empire and the government began building palaces, parks, public gardens and hotels to accommodate incoming tourists and patients. The commute from Tiflis to Borjomi usually took 8–9 hours by phaetons, however the new Mikhaylovo-Borjomi railroad built in 1894 significantly reduced the length of the journey. Renowned figures such as Anton Chekhov, Pyotr Tchaikovsky as well as members of the royal Russian family were among the common visitors of the springs.[12] By that time, Borjomi was a rival of similar European spas, such as Vichy, frequented by Russian tourists, the fact that earned for Borjomi the reputation of "the Russian Vichy"[11][13] and "the pearl of the Caucasus".[14][15]
波尔若米山谷的矿泉于一千多年前被发现。[1]考古学家发现的七个大岩石浴缸可以追溯到七世纪初，证明了泉水的可用性和用途，很可能用于沐浴目的。[1]这些泉水在 19 世纪初被重新发现之前就被废弃了。[1]当时，由于持续不断的战争，波尔若米及其周边地区已经人口锐减，并被无法通行的森林所覆盖。[10]
1829年，当俄罗斯帝国陆军 赫尔松 掷弹兵团部署在波尔若米对抗奥斯曼帝国时，俄罗斯士兵在博尔若米河右岸发现了矿泉。该团指挥官帕维尔·波波夫上校对这一发现很感兴趣，他下令清理泉水，并将水装瓶运往军事基地。患有胃病的波波夫首先尝试了水。看到积极的成果，他下令在泉水周围建造岩墙，并在附近建造了一座浴室，以及一座自己的小平房。[1] 1837年，当赫尔松团被格鲁吉亚掷弹兵团取代时，其医生阿米罗夫检查了水的成分及其影响，并将第一个分析结果发送到圣彼得堡和莫斯科。[1]到了 1841 年，波尔若米水的治疗功效已广为人知，以至于高加索地区的俄罗斯沙皇叶夫根尼·戈洛文(Yevgeni Golovin) 带着生病的女儿来到泉水接受治疗。鉴于治疗的快速效果，他以女儿叶卡捷琳娜的名字命名第一个春天叶卡捷琳斯基（俄语：Екатерининский），以自己的名字命名第二个春天叶夫根尼耶夫斯基（Евгеньевский）。[1]
戈洛文还加快了将水域从军方正式移交给民政当局的速度。[11] 1850年，波尔若米开设了一个矿泉水公园，1854年，当局委托建造第一家装瓶厂。波尔若米水因其治疗效果而在俄罗斯帝国各地广受欢迎，政府开始建造宫殿、公园、公共花园和酒店，以接待前来的游客和病人。从第比利斯到波尔若米的通勤时间乘坐辉腾通常需要 8 至 9 个小时，但是 1894 年修建的新米哈伊洛沃- 波尔若米铁路大大缩短了旅程的长度。安东·契诃夫、彼得·柴可夫斯基等著名人物以及俄罗斯皇室成员都是温泉的常客。[12]当时，波尔若米已成为俄罗斯游客经常光顾的维希温泉等欧洲类似温泉的竞争对手，这一事实为博尔若米赢得了“俄罗斯维希” [11] [13]和“东方明珠”的美誉。高加索地区”。[14] [15]
博尔若米-卡拉高利国家公园靠近博尔若米矿泉水源头。
1894 年，米哈伊尔·罗曼诺夫 (Mikhail Romanov)大公在波尔若米 (Borjomi) 公园建造了一家装瓶厂，该厂一直运营到 1950 年代。1896 年，玻璃工厂建成。波尔若米水务企业的收入为米哈伊尔的儿子兼继任者尼古拉带来了财富，尼古拉在1914 年成为俄罗斯大公中最富有的人。1854 年，生产了 1,350 瓶水，到 1905 年，生产了 1,350 瓶水。数量已达到 320,000 瓶，到 1913 年售出超过 900 万瓶。苏联在格鲁吉亚建立统治后，波尔若米广泛销往苏联各地，受到约瑟夫·斯大林等苏联领导人的青睐。[1] [16]波尔若米峡谷的勘探于1927年进行。从那时到1982年，共钻探了57口探井（深度从18.4 m（60英尺）到1,502 m（4,928英尺））。[17] 1961年，42.3万瓶波尔若米出口到美国、法国、奥地利等15个国家。[1]在苏联存在期间，波尔若米被认为是继伏尔加汽车和俄罗斯航空公司之后的苏联第三大知名品牌。[18] 20世纪80年代，波尔若米水的年产量达到4亿瓶。[1] 随着苏联解体和独立的格鲁吉亚共和国经济停滞，生产放缓。1995 年，格鲁吉亚玻璃和矿泉水公司 (GG&MW) 重新开始 Borjomi 的装瓶，产量增加了 40 倍。[1]据该公司称，当年生产的 Borjomi 80% 出口到国外，其中一半以上销往俄罗斯。[19]尽管由于 20 世纪 90 年代盗版猖獗，导致出现了 Borjomi 标签的假冒饮料，但到 2000 年，Borjomi 水仍通过独特的包装活动重新赢得了声誉。由于1998 年俄罗斯金融危机，盗版活动也有所放缓。[18]